Tabla

The tabla is a South Asian membranophone percussion instrument (similar to bongos), consisting of a pair of drums, used in traditional, classical, popular and folk music It has been a particularly important instrument in Hindustani classical music since the 18th century, and remains in use in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The name tabla likely comes from tabl, the Persian and Arabic word for drum However, the ultimate origin of the musical instrument is contested by scholars, some tracing it to West Asia, others tracing it to the evolution of indigenous musical instruments of the Indian subcontinent
The tabla consists of two single headed, barrel shaped small drums of slightly different size and shapes: daya also called dahina meaning right, and baya also called bahina meaning left. . Each is made of hollowed out wood or clay or brass, the daya drum laced with hoops, thongs and wooden dowels on its sides. The dowels and hoops are used to tighten the tension of the membrane. The daya is tuned to the ground note of the raga called Sa (tonic in Western music) The baya construction and tuning is about a fifth to an octave below that of the daya drum. The musician uses his hand's heel pressure to change the pitch and tone colour of each drum during a performance.

.

The playing technique is complex and involves extensive use of the fingers and palms in various configurations to create a wide variety of different sounds and rhythms, reflected in mnemonic syllables (bol). In the Hindustani style tabla is played in two ways: band bol and khula bol. In the sense of classical music it is termed "tali" and "khali". It is one of the main qawali instrument used by Sufi musicians of Bangladesh, Pakistan and India. The tabla is also an important instrument in the bhakti devotional traditions of Hinduism and Sikhism, such as during bhajan and kirtan singing

Bansuri 

The  Basuri like flute is depicted in ancient Buddhist, Hindu and Jaina temple paintings and reliefs, as well as is common in the iconography of the Hindu god Krishna.^[

CONTRUCTION

The harvested bamboo with a desired diameter is cut, dried and treated with natural oils and resins to strengthen it. Once ready, the artisans examine the smoothness, straightness, and measure the dried hollow tube. They mark the exact positions for hole, then use hot metal rod skewers of different diameters to burn in the holes. Drilling and other methods of hole making is avoided as it is believed to damage the fiber orientation and the splits affects the music quality. The burnt in holes are then finished by sanding, one end plugged, the flute ringed at various positions to stabilize its form and shape over time, the unit tested for their musical performance. The distance of a finger-hole from the mouth-hole, and the diameter of the finger-hole controls the note it plays. Adjustments to the diameters of various holes is made by the artisans to achieve purity of the musical notes produced. The wall thickness of the bansuri determines the tone, range and octave tuning. Once all the holes have reached the their performance range, the bansuri is steeped in natural oils, cleaned, dried and decorated or bound with silk or nylon threads.^[

Musical notes

Six holes are sufficient to produce the seven basic :sa  ri (in Carnatic, re in Hindustani), ga, ma, pa, dha, and ni. When all holes are closed, it produces the bass scale, that is the root note of the basuri (pa). With one hole farthest from the closed end of the bansuri open, the instrument plays the dha. Similarly, ni is produced with two farthest holes open, sa with three farthest open, ri with four, ga with five, and ma is produced with all holes open

GHUMAT INSTRUMENT

Ghumot : Introduction

The ghumott  or ghumat is a membranophone instrument from Goa, India. Ghumat is a percussion instrument of earthen vessel having both sides open; on the bigger opening a leather (drum membrane) of monitor lizard is mounted. Generally ghumat is accompanied by ‘samel’, another traditional instrument with wooden drum and goat leather mount. This instrument is still very popular amongst by the Konkani diaspora

Ghumat forms an integral part of Goan folk, religious and temple music, both Hindu and Christian. It serves as an accompaniment to the folk songs and to the mando music. But most importantly it plays a vital role in the music played in Goa during the Ganesh festival. It also used in most of the Goan temples during the spring season in an orchestra called as Suvari Vadan.
Khaprumama Parvatkar was one well known artist of this instrument.
Other states
Performers of gummeta and tanpura in Andhra Pradesh
This percussion instrument is also played to accompany folk songs in some areas of Karnataka.
In Andhra Pradesh, this drum is known as gummeta, and it is played in the storytelling folk tradition.